1. We believe that the economy must combine efficiency and equity to achieve economic, human and social development in an environmentally sustainable framework. An economy works when there is an efficient and equitable allocation of resources to achieve the greatest possible comfort that meets the basic needs of all.
Comments (1)
MUY DE ACUERDO PERO LA RECOMENDACIÓN ME PARECE INCOMPLETA EN CIERTOS ASPECTOS. NUEVO TEXTO SUGERIDO Y RECOMENDADO: La economía debe combinar eficiencia y equidad y participación, para conseguir un buen desarrollo económico, humano, y social, en un marco ambientalmente sostenible. Podemos decir que una economía funciona bien, que funciona adecuadamente, cuando consigue una asignación eficiente y equitativa de los recursos, para así alcanzar el mayor bienestar posible para la mayor parte de la población, entendiendo por bienestar individual tanto la satisfacción de las necesidades materiales básicas como el alcance de ese equilibrio endógeno que llamamos paz interior y felicidad.2. To this end we believe that the economy must give a specific role to businesses - to the private sector, the State, the public sector and active citizenship, the social sector / communities:
NUEVA REDACCIÓN MEJORADA Y AMPLIADA QUE SE PROPONE: En una economía sana y bien estructurada, debe darse un rol concreto y bien coordinado entre sí a los distintos actores, empresas (sector privado), Estado (sector público), ciudadanía activa (sector social/comunitario), instituciones de bien público (sector beneficencia), y también por cierto organismos internacionales (sector intergubernamental).3. The private sector pursues maximum profit. It reaches that by efficiently leveraging resources. The role of business revolves more around efficiency. Companies, when efficient, generate employment and welfare. All provided with boundaries and frameworks (especially with regards to decent working conditions and respect for the environment).
COMPARTO ALGUNA IDEA DE FONDO PERO LA REDACCIÓN NO ME PARECE NI ACERTADA NI COMPLETA. NUEVA REDACCIÓN QUE SE PROPONE: Al sector privado lo mueve la búsqueda del máximo lucro, y lo consigue intentando aprovechar de forma eficiente los recursos de que dispone, sin incluir la más de las veces ni en sus costes ni en sus objetivos, ni cuestiones ambientales, ni cuestiones sociales, ni consideraciones de interés general. El rol de las empresas gira en torno a la eficiencia y al beneficio, y no está mal que las cosas sean de esta forma, salvo por el detalle que con el actual esquema de funcionamiento empresarial y con la actual infraestructura financiera y jurídica, existe de hecho divorcio entre los objetivos empresariales respecto de los objetivos sociales y respecto de las cuestiones vinculadas con el interés general a mediano y largo plazo. Si bien es cierto que las empresas, cuando son eficientes, generan bienestar en más de un sentido así como empleo, estos factores positivos no deberían abstraerse de contraponerse con los perjuicios medioambientales y sociales que también se podrían generar. En toda área de actividad siempre hay que establecer marcos adecuados de desarrollo así como todas las limitaciones particulares que se consideren convenientes (respeto por el medio ambiente, condiciones de trabajo dignas y sin peligros, ausencia de perjuicios ocasionados a terceros, etcétera), y si por lagunas en las legislaciones y reglamentaciones, o por mala praxis, o por accidentes, o por las razones o los efectos que sean, igual se producen excesos o perjuicios, bueno, ello debería tener consecuencias financieras para los actores que las generaron, bajo las premisas: “Quien daña es quien repara el daño”; “Quien perjudica es quien indemniza”.4. The States' role is precisely to provide these boundaries and frameworks so that the efficiency of companies does not go against social welfare. States should not stifle business efficiency but ensure this efficiency benefits society as a whole. The State's role revolves around equity, and should encourage processes that mean everyone can access general welfare and satisfy their basic needs.5. One of the roles of the social-community sector is to play the role of ""judge"", or controller, when companies or States deviate from their path. The social-community sector seeks social innovation to achieve an efficiency and equity that is at the service of all.6. We believe that the economic functions of public administrations, as a democratic representative of a society, are:
6.a. To own the large enterprises. Their management, however, must correlate with workers in a cooperative fashion, except for companies in strategic sectors, which should be governed under a co-management regime (workers and administration)6.b. To regulate the ownership rights of the means of production (which are rarely absolute), and regulate markets6.c. To lead the social control of investment capital and the direction of research and technological development6.d. To encourage social or joint enterprises - cooperatives, labor societies, third sector agencies – to be the dominant and most common in the economy and society6.e. To encourage transnational companies to gradually disappear given that companies, to be democratic and socially responsible, must be embedded in a territory.7. We believe the state/government should ensure that the public, private and social economies all work for the welfare of common people. The state/government can develop such mechanisms that will put a check on these economies so that poor people are not exploited and their basic needs are fulfilled.8. Government bodies should take the responsibility of providing free education and health care to all their citizens and develop infrastructures and public transport systems. Government bodies should make certain that every citizen gets food, water, shelter, clothing, and lives in a peaceful and pollution-free environment.9. We believe that systemic income inequalities drive positional consumption, increase anxiety, undermine social capital and expose lower income households to higher morbidity and lower life satisfaction. Too little has been done to reverse the long-term trend towards income inequality. But redistribution mechanisms and policies are well-established and could include: revised income tax structures; minimum and maximum income levels; improved access to good quality education; anti-discrimination legislation; implementation of anti-crime measures and improvements to the local environment in deprived areas; addressing the impact of immigration on urban and rural poverty.
Para la construcción de un orden social más justo es fundamental modificar prácticas como el derecho a la herencia y la propiedad de la tierra. Hay demasiadas "instituciones" que han sido naturalizadas y la gente común (pero sobre todo muchos teóricos) no las puede pensar de otra manera, conformando una situación de ceguera cognitiva en relación a ellas. Tres ejemplos paradigmáticos son: 1. el ahorro individual o colectivo, totalmente innecesario en otro esquema de convivencia; 2. el alquiler de propiedades, como renta de vivienda que adviene de la no-distribuciòn de la tierra a sus legìtimos dueños, como son TODOS los seres bumanos en sus ecosistemas naturales; 3. la herencia de padres a hijos, que justifica la acumulación en funciòn de la preocupación con el futuro de las generaciones propias; una interesante sensibilizaciòn a esa temàtica puede ser encontrada en el documental "The One percent", de Jamie Johnson, donde se puede constatar la influencia del pensamiento de Milton Friedman en el sentido común norte-americano y más allá.10. We consider the idea that poverty can be overcome by giving the poor a better and greater access to the market is a dogma completely contradictory to reality; it should be States that eradicate poverty through structural changes, putting an end to social injustice.11. We believe that the public sector must guarantee basic services:
11.a. increase public employment to contribute to the “de-precarisation” of workers and the unemployed.11.b. rescue package with a new public social insurance for all instead of private individual provisions, with a comprehensive concept of a Social Europe and transnational social rights beyond the national framework,11.c. issuing European bonds for public works, particularly public transport,11.d. controlled non-inflationary emission by central banks to long-term and low interest rate investment in public infrastructural, educational and health projects.11.e. shaping property and social relations, enterprises, goods, spaces or services of general interest (especially food, housing and health), communication, public authority or political decisions in such a way that, through their orientation to the general interest, they reduce the inequality of resource distribution, and similarly reduce the inequality of the distribution of political goods (participation, access) and democratize - in other words generalize - its arrangements, creating possibilities for the development of individuality.11.f. understand public service and basic public social services as a social right underlying a claim,11.g. free access to specific public service provisions of general interest, free for users or specific groups of users,11.h. stop privatization of remaining public enterprises and services and attempt to pull through legislature forbidding privatization of natural monopolies like water and stimulating participation of citizens in decision making, through information technology-mediated frequent referendums and participation employed in decision making, profits and ownership,11.i. massive expansion of public investment or private investments in “the public”,11.j. provide medicine and the technologies that make access to the basic goods needed for a dignified life possible (water, energy, education etc.) free of cost to those countries with a below-average human development index, effective immediately.11.k. all CO2-cutting measures in those countries should be subsidized by those countries which emit above-average quantities of CO2. This would create a corridor for dropping CO2 emissions.12. We believe that the public sector must find the funds now to ""rescue"" citizens, not banks:12.a. With family benefits such as Brazil's Schooling aid (“Bolsa Família”), which is an excellent model;
who knows Brazil's Schooling of those evaluating?12.b. With benefits for the unemployed aimed at improving their personal and professional skills;12.c. With a basic citizenship income, a universal direct income that covers basic needs at a relatively low but nevertheless decent level, regardless of what other income one may have. The fact that everyone receives a basic income does not mean that everyone is earning more, because through a progressive tax system a greater redistribution of income can be achieved. The key issues in reforming financial networks are: human social purpose, design criteria and assumptions. Using analogies from architecture and engineering: a bridge, if well designed on physical principles, will be robust; if badly-designed, it will respond to natural forces of wind and oscillate with ever greater amplitude until it collapses. Financial networks must be examined from these perspectives and we see their design flaws immediately: they were designed by individual actors and firms to maximize their self-interest and produce rewards in money terms. They were never designed to optimize at the societal level, let alone to function within natural system constraints.12.d. With benefits to those seeking to start a business or a commercial activity;12.e. Benefits to all of those whom, with a little help, can continue to pay for their renegotiated mortgages to finance their homes;12.f. Facilitating and regulating the financing of and from the city, which is essential for the promotion of employment, commercial and industrial activity, particularly for small and medium enterprises.12.g. With a decisive promotion of R&D&I in collaboration with businesses: reality can not be transformed in depth if it is not known in depth.12.h. With large public investments in energy sources, transportation, production and pumping of water, food production and agriculture, aquaculture and biotechnology, housing, …13. In the economy, governments should create strategic processes that incorporate a precautionary measure to ensure a more even distribution of resources, and the promotion of production, employment and development.14. We believe that the State should remove from the market everything that can not be considered a commodity - because it does not have the characteristic of being produced -, such as human life, labor, land and money. This requires:14.a. A basic income for all, to ensure a vital minimum.14.b. Funding towards a community-public economy which will ensure free and high quality public services for all.14.c. A district ownership of land - i.e. with 99 years leases for owners- and an effective protection of the Commons.14.d. A national and international monetary information system to provide a fair and balanced trade, preventing corruption and speculative financing of the economy.General comments
Refiriéndome a Deliberaweb como herramienta de comunicación y de elaboración participativa, con manejo simultáneo de varios idiomas, considero que en líneas generales el diseño es muy adecuado, y ha demostrado funcionar bien en la práctica. No obstante, en lo personal preferiría que se implementaran unos muy pequeños cambios: (A) Por un lado, la graduación de valoraciones de 1 a 6 me parece adecuada, pero preferiría se utilizaran circulitos con dibujos ligeramente más grandes, y tal vez con otra escala de colores (en orden descendente), azul, verde, blanco para los positivos, y amarillo, rojo, negro para los negativos; complementariamente, bien podría agregarse un número del 1 al 6 a cada dibujito, para que así no hubiera posibilidad alguna de confusión (así se evitarían equívocos debido a diferentes culturas e idiomas de los posibles participantes, y se contemplarían los casos de daltónicos y de personas de baja visión). (B) Puede ayudar que a pedido del usuario, y con sólo aplicar un clic de ratón, se permita desplegar la pregunta a responder o la recomendación a evaluar también en los otros idiomas en los que se encuentra disponible, o en los idiomas que seleccione el usuario.
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